1کارشناس ارشد رشته زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز تبریز، ایران
2استادان گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی کشاورزی، تبریز تبریز، ایران
3کارشناس ارشد زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مازندران ساری، ایران
چکیده
به منظور مطالعه اثر مدیریت اکولوژیکی علفهای هرز با استفاده از برخی گیاهان همراه بر صفات زراعی ذرت سینگل کراس 504 پژوهشی در فصل زراعـی 90-1389 در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز انجام گرفت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل نوع گیاه علوفهای و دارویی در چهار سطح (شبدر قرمز، ماشک گل خوشهای، ریحان و شوید) و تاریخ کاشت این گیاهان در دو سطح (کاشت همزمان گیاهان همراه با ذرت و کاشت گیاهان همراه 15 روز بعد از کاشت ذرت) بودند. نتایج نشان داد در بین گیاهان همراه کشت شبدر با ذرت دارای بیشترین میانگین در همه صفات نسبت به سایر تیمارها بود، زیرا شبدر کانوپی را سریعتر پر نمود و علفهای هرز را به خوبی کنترل کرد که در نتیجه سبب کاهش رقابت برون گونهای گردید. همچنین کشت همزمان گیاهان همراه با ذرت نسبت به 15 روز تأخیر در کشت با ذرت دارای میانگین بالاتری در کلیه صفات ذرت بودند. در رابطه با تراکم و بیوماس علفهای هرز نیز کشت همزمان ذرت با شبدر کمترین میانگین را در این دو صفت داشت. از این رو با توجه به مسائل زیست محیطی و هزینههای نسبتاً بالای ناشی از مصرف سموم علفکش توصیه میگردد حدالامکان در جهت کنترل علفهای هرز مزارع از گیاهان دارویی و یا پوششی به جای مصرف سموم علفکش استفاده گردد.
Effect of weeding and by forage and medicinal plants as companion crops on some of agronomic traits of corn cv. SC504
نویسندگان [English]
Farhood Yeganehpoor1؛ Saeed Zehtab-Salmasi2؛ Moustafa Valizadeh؛ Akram Moeini-Rad3؛ Vahid Beyginiya
1Department of Agriculture
Tabriz Branch
University of Tabriz
Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]
To study the effects of ecological weeds management by some of companion crops on agronomic traits of corn (single cross 504), an experiment was carried out in 2011 in Research Farm of faculty of agriculture at University Tabriz. The experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement with the base of randomized complete block design in three repetitions. The treatments of this experiment included type of medical and cover plant in 4 levels (Clover, hairy vetch, basil and dill) as first factorial and time of cultivating cover and medical plant in tow levels (synchronic cultivation with corn and cultivation 15 days after corn cultivation) as second factorial. The results showed that the among companion crops, the cultivation of clover with corn had highest amount in all traits compared to other treatments because clover could closer rapid canopy that due to better control of weeds in the early stages of growth and decreased competition of inter specific. Also, synchronic cultivation companion crops with corn relation to cultivation 15 days after corn cultivation in all traits had highest amount, and lowest mean of density and weed biomass was observed in synchronic cultivation corn with clover. Hence with the attention to importance of life environmental issues and the above cost due consumption of herbicide for weeds control has been recommend if possible for weeds control in farms has been used on the one of companion crops or medicinal crops instead of herbicide toxins.
Banik P, Midya A, Sarkar BK, Ghose SS (2006) Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in an additive experiment: Advantages and weed smothering. European Journal of Agronomy 24: 325-332.
Cavero J, Zaragoza C, Suso ML, and Pardo A (1999) Competition between maize and Daturastramonium in an irrigated field under semi-arid conditions. Weed Research 39: 225-240.
De haan RL, Wyse DL, Ehlke NJ, Maxwell BD, Putnam DH (1993) Simulation of spring-seeded smother plants for weed control in corn (Zea mays). Weed Sciences 42: 35-43.
Deyhimfard R, Zand E, Liaghati H, Soufizadeh S, Baghestani MA (2009) Policies to reduce herbicide use. Environ. Sci. 3: 4-24. (In Persian with English summary).
Donovan O, Blckshaw JT, Harker RE, Clayton KN (2006) Wheat seeding rate influences herbicide performance in wild oat (Avena fatua). Argon. J. 98: 815-822.
Evans SP, Knezevic JL, Lindquist CA, Shapiro EE (2003) Nitrogen application influence the critical period for weed control in corn. Weed Sciences 51: 408-417.
Fateh A, Sharefzadeh F, Mazahri D, Baghstane MA (1997) Study competition mercurialis and planting pattern corn on yield and components of yield corn sc704. Pajouhesh and sazandge Journal No. 73: 87-95.
Ghanbari A, Ghadiri H, Jokar M (2006) Effect of intercropping maize and cucumber on weed control. Journal of Research and Development No. 73: 195-193 pp.
Hafman ML, Regnier EE, Cardina J (1993) Weed and corn (Zea mays) response to a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) cover crop. Weed Technology 7: 594-599.
Has V (2002)Fresh market sweet corn production. Biotechnology Sci. Biodiversitate 20: 213-218.
Jafarzadeh A (1998) Detailed studies of 26 hectares of land and soil of Agricultural Research Station of the Faculty of agriculture. University of Tabriz. Journal of Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, No.2, 3and 4, 16-29 pp.
Jascu M (1988) Study of sowing density in maize growth for grain in north east moldaria. Field crop Abs. 41: 755.
Knezevic SZ, Weise SF, Swanton CJ (1994) Interference of redroot pigweed (Amaranths retroflexus L.) in corn (Zea mays L.). Weed Sciences 42: 568-573.
Kresovic B (1997) Growing of sweet corn as a second or stubble crop. Journal of science Agriculture. Aes. vol. 48:23-30.
Kruidhof H, Bastiaans ML, Kropff MJ (2008) Ecological weed management by cover cropping: effects on weed growth in autumn and weed establishment in spring, Weed Research 48: 492-502.
Kue S, Jellum EJ (2002) Influence of winter cover crop and residue management on soil nitrogen availability and corn. Agronomy of Journal 94: 501-508.
Lampkin N (1994) Organic Farming. UK. Farming Press Ltd. 330 pp.
Mohammadi G, Javanshir A, Khooie FR, Mohammadi SA, Zehtab-Salmasi S (2005) Critical period of weed interference in chickpea. European Weed Research 45(1): 57-63.
Noormohamadi GH, Seyadat SA (2002) Agronomy Cereals. Publication of University of Ahvaz. 445 pp.
Parak KY, Kang Y, Park U, Moon HG (1989) Effects of planting density and tiller removal on growth and yield of sweet corn hybrids. Korean Journal of Crop Sciences 34(2): 192-197.
Rahimi A, Ghalavand A, Alikhani M, Askari A (2003) Effect of density and time of emergence of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) in competition with corn (Zea mays L.). Iranian J. of Crop Sci. 5 (3):195-203. (In Persian with English summary).
Rajcan I, Swanton CJ (2001) Understanding maize-weed competition: resource competition, light quality and the whole plant. Field Crops Research 71: 130-150.
Soylu EM, Soylu S, Kurt S (2006) Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato lat blight disease agent Phytophtora infesting. Mycropathologia 161: 28-119.
Thobatsi T (2009) Growth and yield responses of maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vignaun guiculatea) in a intercropping system. MSc Thesis. University of Pretoria.149 pp.
Williams MM, Boydston RA, Davis As (2008) Differential Tolerance in Sweet corn to Wild-prose Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Interference. Weed Sciences 56: 91-96.
ابتدای صفحه