بذرهایی که بتوانند از تحمل به خشکی بالایی برخوردار باشند در استقرار یکنواخت بوتهها در مزرعه و افزایش عملکرد نقش قابل توجهی خواهند داشت. به منظور مطالعۀ شاخصهای جوانهزنی بذر و رشد اولیه گیاهچه گلرنگ رقم سینا با وزنهای هزار دانه مختلف (23، 83/23، 13/25 و 27/27 گرم) تحت شدتهای مختلف تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در آزمایشگاه فیزیولوژی دانشگاه زنجان انجام شد. سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی شامل صفر (شاهد)، 4- و 8- بار با کاربرد پلی اتیلن گلیگول 6000 بدست آمد. با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی، درصد جوانهزنی به طور معنیداری کاهش یافت و از 8/81% در شاهد به 8/57% در تنش خشکی 8- بار رسید. همچنین، بذور با وزن هزار دانه بیشتر، درصد جوانهزنی، سرعت جوانهزنی و ضریب سرعت جوانهزنی بالاتری داشتند. تحت شرایط تنش، بذور با وزن هزار دانه 27/27 گرم ساقهچه و ریشهچه طویلتری نسبت به سایرین تولید نمودند. همچنین، تحت شرایط تنش، بذور با وزن هزار دانه بالا شاخص بنیه، وزن خشک و وزن تر گیاهچه بیشتری نسبت به سایر بذور داشتند. بنابراین، در این بررسی بذور با وزن هزار دانه بیشتر، علاوه بر این که دارای شاخصهای جوانهزنی بالاتری بودند، نسبت به تنش خشکی نیز مقاومت خوبی نشان دادند.
3Faculty Member of Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Tolerant seeds to drought stress could play significant role in steady seedling establishment and subsequent yield increase. In order to study the germination and initial seedling growth indices of safflower (cv. Sina) seeds with different thousand kernel weights (TKW) of 23, 23.83, 25.13 and 27.27 g, under different drought stress intensities, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design in Physiology Laboratory of Zanjan University. Drought stress levels comprising 0 (control), -4 and -8 bar were obtained using polyethylene glycol 6000. Increasing drought stress intensity significantly decreased germination percentage from 81.8% in control to 57.8% in -8 bar. Seeds with higher TKW were better in terms of germination percentage and germination coefficient rate. The seeds with 27.27 TKW produced longer radicle and plumule in drought stress condition. Besides, seeds with higher TKW showed higher vigor index and seedling dry and fresh matter. In conclusion, seeds with higher TKW showed higher germination indices and were more tolerant to drought stress.
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