بررسی اثر کاهش مصرف آب و سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن بر صفات مرفولوژیکی و عملکرد برنج رقم طارم هاشمی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قائمشهر

2 استادیار گروه زراعت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قائمشهر

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قائمشهر و عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان واحد چالوس

چکیده

    این تحقیق به منظور مطالعه اثر تیمارهای مختلف کمبود آب و مقادیر کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد دانه برنج (Oryza sativa L.) رقم طارم هاشمی به صورت مزرعه‌ای در شهرستان نکا در استان مازندران در سال زراعی 1388 اجرا گردید. آزمایش به صورت اسپیلت پلات نواری در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آبیاری شامل غرقاب دائم =I1  (شاهد)، و قطع آبیاری در مراحل پنجه‌زنی=I2 (15 روز)، گلدهی= I3 (15 روز) و پر شدن دانه =  I4(15 روز) به عنوان عامل اصلی و نیتروژن به عنوان عامل فرعی در مقادیر صفر، 50 ،100 و 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن ماده مؤثر در هکتار از منبع کودی اوره بودند. اثر آبیاری و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، قطر ساقه و تعداد پنجه در کپه معنی‌دار شد. افزایش سطوح کود نیتروژن، اثر افزایشی روی همه صفات به غیر از شاخص برداشت داشت. هم‎چنین قطع آبیاری در مرحله پنجه‌زنی موجب کاهش ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد پنجه، قطرساقه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه شد. استفاده از غرقاب دائم به همراه 150 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژن بیشترین تأثیر را در افزایش عملکرد دانه داشت. نتایج نشان داد که، آبیاری غرقابی هر چند در مناطقی که از نظر آبیاری کمبود دارند مشکل ساز است، اما  بیشترین عملکرد دانه را در پی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of water deficit and nitrogen fertilizer on morphological traits and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) var.Tarom Hashemi

نویسندگان [English]

  • Meysam Golduost Khorshidi 1
  • Ali Reza Daneshmand 2
  • Soghra Moradpoor 3
  • Asghar Bagheri 1
1 M.Sc postgraduate, Assistant Prof. and M.Sc postgraduate in Agronomy, respectively, Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch , Qaemshahr, Iran.
2 M.Sc postgraduate, Assistant Prof. and M.Sc postgraduate in Agronomy, respectively, Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch , Qaemshahr, Iran.
3 M.Sc postgraduate in Agronomy, Department of Agronomy , Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch and Member of Young Researchers' Club; Islamic Azad University, Chaloos Branch, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Effect of different water deficit treatments and nitrogen levels was studied on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.) var. Tarom Hashemi at Neka region, Mazandaran province of Iran in 2009. The experiment was carried out as strip split plot based on a completely randomized block design with four replications. The main factor was water deficit treatments consisted of waterlogging (control); and water deficit at tillering, flowering and seed filling stages for 15 days, and the second factor included four nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) from urea source. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of water deficit treatments and nitrogen fertilizer levels was significant on yield, biological yield, stem diameter and number of tillers. Increased levels of nitrogen fertilizer had an increasing effects on all the studied traits, except harvest index. Water withhold at tillering stage affected plant height, number of tillers, stem diameter, biological yield and yield, negatively. Waterlogging with 150 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer application increased grain yield and was the most effective treatment. Despite water is the main limitation for rice production in many areas, the highest yield was obtained at waterlogging treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rice
  • Irrigation
  • nitrogen
  • yield
  • Yield components

مراجع

Daneshian J, Jabbari H, Farokhi A (2006) Dehydration stress and density on yield and agronomic characteristics of the cultivated sunflower. Proceedings of Crop Science Congress of Iran 2006. August 25-29, 2006. Tehran University, Aboureyhan. p. 500. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Dawe D, Seekler D, Bauker R (1998) Water supply and research for food security in Asia. Proceeding of the Workshop on Increasing Water Productivity and Efficiency in Rice-Based Systems, July 1998, IRRI, Los Banos. Philippines.
Fageria NK, Baligar VC (2001) Low land rice response to nitrogen fertilization. Soil Science  32(1&9): 1405-1429.   
Ghorbanli M, Hashemi Moghaddam SH, Fallah A (2006) Effect of irrigation and nitrogen interaction on some morphological and physiological traits in rice plant (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 12 (2): 13. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Hossain MA (2001) Growth and yield performance of some rice cultivars under different soil moisture regimes. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Crop Bot. Bangladesh Agric. University., Mymensingh.
Ishimaru K, Kobayashi N, Ono K , Ohsugi R (2001) Are content of Rubisco, soluble protein and nitrogen in flag leaves of rice controlled by the same genetics. Journal of Experimental Botany 52:1827-1833.                                          
Jaafarzadeh-Kenarsari M, Postini K (1998) Investigating the effect of drought stress at different growth stages on some morphological characteristics and yield components of sunflower (cv. Record). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 29(2): 353-362.
Jeffrey V, Gyles R (2003) Controlled release urea as a nitrogen source for corn in southern Minnesota. Annual Report, Southern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota. Agrium U.S. Inc.
Koochaki A, Soltani A, Azizi M (1997) Principle of agricultural practices in arid environment (translated)   Education of Agriculture Press. 942 pp. [In Persian with English Abstract].                                
Liang JS, Zhang JH, Cao XZ (2001) Grain sink strength may be related to the poor grain filling of indica and japonica rice hybrids. Phyologia Plantarum 112: 470-477.                                                                              
Mostafavy Rad M, Tahmasebi Sarvestani Z (2003) Nitrogen fertilizer effects on yield, yield components and remobilization in rice genotypes. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 2: 31-21. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Ntamatungiro S, Norman RJ, Mc New RW, Well RR (1999) Comparision of  plant measurements for estimating nitrogen accumulation  and grain yield by flooded rice. Agronomy Journal 91: 676.                                   
Pirdashti H, Sarvestani ZT, Nematzadeh G, Ismail A (2004) Study of water stress effect in different growth stages on yield components of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. New directions for a diverse planet: Proceeding of 4 International Crop Science Congress, Brisbane. Australia. 26 th Septembr -1 th Octobr 2004.
Rahman MT, Islam MT, Islam MO (2002) Effect of water stress at different growth stages on yield and yield contributing characters of rice. Pakestann Journal Biological Sciences 5(2): 169-172.
Shobeiri SS (2004) Evaluating the effects of water deficit on rate and duration of grain filling and yield in three chickpea cultivars. M.Sc. Thesis in Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaggag-Ardabili. 195.pp [In Persian with English Abstract].
Tahmaesbi Sarvaestani Z, Pirdashti H, Modarres Sanavy SAM, Blouchi H (2008) Study of water stress effect in different growth stages on yield and yield components of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Pakestann Journal Biological Sciences 11(10): 1303-1309.
Timsina J, Singh V, Badaruddin M, Meisner C, Amin MR (2001) Cultivar, nitrogen and water effects on produtivity and nitrogen- use efficiency and balance for rice- wheat sequences of Bangladesh. Agronomy, Physiology and Agro- Ecology 72: 143-167.
Venuprasad R, Lafitte HR, Atlin GN (2007) Response to direct selection for grian yield under drought stress in rice. Crop Science 47: 285-293.
Zubaer MA, Chowdhury AKM, Ialam MZ, Amad T, Hasan MA (2007) Effects of water stress on growth and yield attributes of rice genotypes. Internional Journal Sustain Crop  production 2(6): 25-30.

فایل ها

اشتراک گذاری

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار