تعیین یک مدل تجربی برای آبشویی خاک‌های شور اراضی زراعی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه خاکشناسی، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و محصولات ارگانیک، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران.

10.22034/aej.2017.533225

چکیده

در مدیریت پایدار منابع طبیعی،اصلاح خاک­ های شور از اهمیت ویژه ­ای برخوردار است، چرا که وجود بیش از حد نمک ­های محلول در ناحیه ریشه می­ تواند باعث کاهش جذب آب توسط گیاه به دلیل کاهش پتانسیل اسمزی محلول خاک شود. راهبرد لازم در مواجهه با این مسأله، آبشویی نمک­ های انباشته شده از چنین خاکی است. مهمترین مسأله در برنامه ­های آبشویی، برآورد صحیح مقدار آب مورد نیاز برای اصلاح خاک ­های شور است. هدف از این پژوهش، ارایه مدلی تجربی برای تعیین مقدار آب آبشویی مورد نیاز و مقایسه نتایج با برخی مدل­ های تجربی موجود بود. بدین منظور، منطقه­ ای به مساحت 30 هکتار در بخشی از اراضی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه با کلاس شوری و سدیمی S4A1 انتخاب شد. آزمون­ های صحرایی به روش غرقاب متناوب با استفاده از استوانه­ های دوگانه و با آرایش مربعی، با یک تیمار و سه تکرار اجرا گردید. در حین آبشویی، از هیچگونه ماده اصلاحی استفاده نشد و تنها با کاربرد 100 سانتی­متر آب آبشویی در چهار تناوب 25 سانتی­متری اجرا شد. نمونه ­های خاک پیش، حین و پس از کاربرد هر تناوب آبیاری از اعماق 25-0، 50-25، 75-50، 100-75، 125-100 و 150-125 سانتی­متری برداشت و تجزیه­ های فیزیکی و شیمیایی مورد نیاز روی آنها انجام شد. آب مورد نیاز از رودخانه قزل­ اوزن تأمین شد. چهار مدل به داده­ های ریاضی برازش و از میان مدل­ های مورد بررسی، مدل لگاریتمی به عنوان مدل برتر انتخاب شد.  با استفاده از این مدل در اراضی زراعی شور دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه، به ازای یک واحد حجم منفذی، نزدیک 70% و به ازای دو واحد حجم منفذی حدود 79% از نمک­ های این خاک­ ها شسته شدند. بنابراین آبشویی نمک ­های محلول از نیمرخ خاک­های شور این سری خاک مجتمع با روش غرقاب متناوب در کاهش نمک­های محلول به­ ویژه در لایه­ های سطحی نیمرخ خاک به دلیل تغییرات متناوب میزان رطوبت خاک مؤثر بوده است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Appropriate empirical model for salt leaching of saline soils at Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch cultivated lands

نویسنده [English]

  • Naser Nazari
Soil Science Department,Research Center of Medicinal Plants and Organic Products, Miyaneh Branch,Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
چکیده [English]

In natural resources sustainable management, reclamation of saline soils meets high impact, because excess of soluble salts in root zone can reduce plant water uptake due to osmotic potential decrement of soil solution.The necessary strategy would be leaching of accumulated salts from these soils to overcome this challenge. The most important issue is in leaching practices is assessment of water quantity required for saline soils reclamation. This current study objective was to introduce an empirical model to measure of leaching water and its comparison with some experimental available models. An area of 30 ha with S4A1 salinity/sodicity class in Miyaneh, East Azerbayjan, Iran was selected for this study. The field experiment was conducted in intermittent ponding method by double rings with square arrangement in three replications.  Inleaching process no amendment was used and only 100 cm water leaching was applied in 25 cm intervals.Soil samples were taken from 0-25, 25-50, 50-75, 75-100, 100-125, 125-150 cm of soil depths before, during and after each water rotation and required physical and chemical analyses were performed. The leaching water was supplied from Qizel-Ouzan river. Four mathematical models were fitted to our collected data and logarithmic model was selected as the best model.  Using this model in Saline Soils of Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branchlands, for one unit porevolume, almost 70 and for two unit pore volume about 79% of salts of these soilswere leached. Thus, leaching of soluble salts from the profile of saline soils of Mojtame series soilusing alternating flooding method was effective in reduction of soluble salts, especially in superficial layers of soil profilesdue to intermittent changes of soil moisture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  •  desalinization
  •  modeling
  •  salt affected soils
  •  sustainable management

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