1گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران
2موسسة تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
عوامل محیطی از جمله دما و بارندگی نقش مهمی در رشد رویشی و زایشی و نیز تولید متابولیت های ثانوی، کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاهان دارویی دارند. در این پژوهش خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی توده های بومی بابونه آلمانی در سه حوضه آبریز کلیبرچای، حاجیلرچای و مردانقم منطقه ارسباران استان آذربایجان شرقی به روش پلات زنی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اسانس اندام های هوایی به روش تقطیر با آب با دستگاه کلونجر استخراج و درصد و نوع ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده اسانس با دستگاه کروماتوگراف گازی و کروماتوگراف گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی تعیین شد. در کل، 22 ترکیب در اسانس نمونه ها شناسایی و مهمترین ترکیبات شناسایی شده آلفا- بیسابلول اکساید، کامازولن، ای- بتا- فرانزول، آلفا-فلاندرون، زد- ای- فرانزول و آلفا- بیسابلول بود. میزان بارش و دمای بالا در حوضه آبریز کلیبرچای موجب افزایش ترکیبات آلفا- فلاندرن، آلفا- بیسابلول و زد- ای- فرانزول، همچنین بارش اندک در حاجیلرچای موجب افزایش کامازولن و ای- بتا- فرانزول شد. از طرفی، دمای پایین در مردانقم، تولید میزان بیشتری کامازولن و آلفا- بیسابلول اکساید را در پی داشت. بنابراین، جمعآوری بابونه آلمانی از مردانقم به خاطر داشتن بالاترین میزان مواد مؤثره دارویی توصیه می شود
1Horticultural Science Department, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
2Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Environmental factors including temperature and anticipation have critical impact on vegetative and reproductive growth as well as secondary metabolites and quantity and quality of essential oils in medicinal plants. In this study, phytochemical characteristics of German chamomilelandraces collected fromthree watershed areas of Kaleibarchai, Hajilarchai, and Mardanagim of Arasbaran, Iran was surveyed using plotting method. Foliar essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus and their yield and compositions were determined using gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometer methods. On the whole, 22 components were identified in German chamomile essential oils with α-bisabolol, Camazulene, α-phellandrene, E- β-Franesol, Z-E- Feranesol, and α-bisabolol oxide as the most important identified components. High temperature and anticipation caused increasing of α-phellandrene, α-bisabolol oxide Z-E- Feranesol in Kaleibarchai region. Also, low anticipation in Hajilarchai increased Camazulene and E- β-Franesol. On the other hand, low temperature in Mardanagim increased Camazulene and α-bisabolol oxide in collected samples. Therefore, collection of German chamomile from Mardanagim for high amounts active medicinal ingredients is recommended.
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